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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety affects 40 million adults in the United States. It's highly treatable, with numerous medications available.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. They're not addictive, unlike benzodiazepines.

SSRIs

The most popular anxiety medication is selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs), including citalopram, escitalopram, and fluoxetine. These medications can also treat depression and can alleviate symptoms associated with other anxiety disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It could take up to one month for them to start working.

These drugs work by increasing the amount of certain chemical transmitters within the brain. This includes serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. They're usually the first home treatment for anxiety attack option for anxiety, though doctors also employ other kinds of antidepressants as well as benzodiazepines.

Another class of antidepressants known as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor) are used to treat anxiety. They are a bit different from SSRIs since they reduce norepinephrine but at a lower rate than SSRIs. These medicines take a long time to take effect and are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) such as imipramine (Tofranil), can be effective in treating some anxiety disorders, notably GAD. Their drowsiness, as well as other adverse effects, make them less popular. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another type of antidepressant that can be used to combat anxiety. However, their restrictions on diet and the high risk of toxicity limit their usage.

Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety and panic attacks in the short term, such as when waiting for SSRIs or SNRIs to kick in. These medications can cause tolerance addiction, sedation and withdrawal reactions that may cause depression, anxiety, and even delusions. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax) as well as Clonazepam (Klonopin) and lorazepam (Ativan).

Therapy is a crucial component of any anxiety alternative treatment for anxiety and panic attacks plan. It helps you to better know your symptoms and their root causes. Many people discover that both therapy and medication aid to manage anxiety. Some studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy is as effective as anxiety medications. Talk to your doctor to determine what is the best option for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have a calming affect they reduce anxiety and relax tense muscle. They also ease symptoms of bodily stimulation related to fear (like heart rate or shaking) and help promote sleep.

They function by binding to inhibitory neurons, like GABA or gamma aminobutryic acids and bind to receptors in the central nervous system. They enhance the effects of GABA by facilitating its inhibitory effect on other neurotransmitters while reducing the number of messages that are sent to the amygdala. which is the brain's region that detects threats and creates the feeling of fear.

These medications are sometimes employed for short periods of time like an attack of panic or a severe anxiety attack. They can help relieve symptoms in 30 to 60 minutes. Benzodiazepines, unlike SSRIs aren't able to remain in the body long. They are fast acting and can be used within a couple of hours. This makes them perfect for situations when rapid relief is required (such for instance, on an airplane or before a presentation in public).

Since they can be addictive, people are usually prescribed up to four weeks at a time. They also lose effectiveness after a certain period of time.

One of the reasons benzodiazepines became so popular is they were efficient and had minimal side effects when compared to their predecessors, like meprobamate and barbiturates. They are safe and have a rapid onset and can be used as anxiolytics to reduce anxiety. They can also be employed as sedatives, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants.

Benzos were blamed for negative attitudes towards anxiety that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s and included the denial of the disorder and the perception that benzodiazepine therapies result in physical dependence. Despite this, they continue to play an important role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially in conjunction with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos can interact with other drugs and trigger unwanted side effects, like drowsiness or confusion. It is essential to inform your doctor know about any other prescription, non-prescription, or herbal medicines you are considering or taking. Check the British National Formulary A to Z list of medication interactions to determine which medications are safe when taken with benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can ease anxiety and other mental health problems. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved several antidepressants to treat other health conditions as well, including eating disorders, some types of pain, and bipolar disorder.

SSRIs are usually prescribed as a first-line treatment for anxiety by doctors, however they might not be effective for all people. If these antidepressants aren't working the doctor might suggest an older version called a tetracyclic or tricyclic antidepressant. These include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine and trimipramine, dothiepin, doxepin or imipramine. These antidepressants are less common but still accessible. Your doctor can also prescribe the sedating antidepressant trazodone (Desyrel) at lower doses to treat anxiety or insomnia.

Nefazodone, also referred to as Ferdinand (Cymbalta), and duloxetine are also useful. They are also available in generic forms. If they don't work your doctor, you can try the antipsychotics quetiapine and Olanzapine or the tranquilizing antidepressant Mirtazapine.

Beta blockers are used to treat other anxiety disorders. They lower blood pressure and heart rate by blocking adrenaline. These drugs aren't commonly used to treat anxiety on their own, but can be helpful when paired with psychotherapy.

Psychological therapy can help you to change negative thoughts and behaviors that can cause anxiety. It can teach you to manage your anxiety and teach you strategies for coping. Depending on your condition, you might be treated with exposure or cognitive behavioural therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps you to challenge negative and fearful thoughts and overcome your avoidance of situations which trigger anxiety. Exposure therapy involves increasing the intensity of anxiety-inducing situations until they are manageable. It can be done either individually or in smaller groups. In both instances, the results take time to appear. A combination of medication and psychotherapy therapy is the best choice for certain people. Some people find that taking medication alone is sufficient to treat symptoms. Inform your doctor about how you manage your symptoms.

Other Medications

While antidepressants and benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed medications to treat anxiety, other medications can ease your symptoms as well. Beta blockers and antihistamines are sometimes prescribed to relieve anxiety.

These drugs can correct an imbalance in your brain chemicals and can ease your symptoms by lowering or blocking the signals that trigger stress and fear. They are not a panacea. You'll still need to do things to manage anxiety, including physical exercise relaxation techniques, relaxation techniques and psychological therapy.

Your doctor might first prescribe one of the "first first" anxiety medication, which includes SSRIs and SNRIs. These are the most effective medicines to treat anxiety disorders, according to research studies. The most common SSRIs include sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac), Citropram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro). These drugs can cause mild side effects like insomnia and nausea, however these tend to subside within 4-8 weeks. They aren't addictive, and they do not increase the likelihood of suicidal ideas.

The benzodiazepines, alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin) and diazepoxide (Valium) provide immediate relief for panic attacks and anxiety, but they can have side effects, including dizziness, drowsiness and coordination problems, and dependence. They're a less popular choice than the barbiturates of the past, but are just as efficient.

Antihistamines like Vistaril (hydroxyzine) were initially created to treat allergies. However they also serve to ease anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine has a calming effect by blocking the histamine receptors. It is not a controlled drug and doesn't have the same risks of addiction as benzodiazepines.

Another type of medication that can aid with anxiety is a class of medications known as anticonvulsants. They have been shown to ease anxiety by inhibiting the production and release of dopamine and serotonin. These medications may be prescribed as a part of a combination therapy or used to treat anxiety in the short-term. Your doctor will review your health history and symptoms to determine if these medicines are appropriate for you. They'll also discuss how long you should be taking them and any possible negative side effects. Anxiety medications are only available by prescription, and a psychiatrist will be required to prescribe it.