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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the delicious coffee we enjoy. How exactly does it work?

In order to make espresso hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the key difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

As the name implies the group head is where you put your portafilter in when making espresso. It disperses the water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are several different types of group heads, each with their particular advantages and disadvantages. Some are specifically designed for stability of temperature while others are designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are built to control the lever. Some are a combination, like the E61. This is a very popular choice for baristas as it provides a variety of benefits in a single package.

As you can see in the photo above The group head features numerous notches that you can place your portafilter and then twist it with your hands to lock it in. A rubber gasket is located inside the notches, which helps create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches permit an exact placement of the portafilter. This is essential for a consistent extraction.

The group head not only lets the portafilter to be inserted easily however it also keeps the same temperature. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew pan and around the portafilter, ensuring that it's always at the right temperature to extract. It is important to note that even a few degree variation can mean the difference between a decent and a great espresso.

The Pump

Unlike manual piston machines, that use a lever to pressurize water, the rotary espresso machines use motorized pumps to deliver the nine atmospheric bars of pressure needed for espresso extraction. The pressure is created by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally less expensive than piston-driven models, and they tend to last longer, but both types of machine can degrade with overuse and insufficient cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which can increase prices of even simpler models.

Certain espresso machines do away with the pump completely and employ steam pressure to create espresso. This can lead to over-extraction as the boiler that produces steam also causes the water to boil. Additionally the machines often have to rebuild their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machine small machines make use of an rotary or vibrating pump, with a vibration model using a rotating disc to generate the pressure and the rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both machines can make great espresso, however rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to break down.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element which heats the water to the optimal temperature to extract. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter that contains ground espresso beans and is then pumped into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure and pushes through the coffee grounds. This results in a crema on the top of the espresso. This is one of the main characteristics of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso machines, each with different types of pumps and brew temperature. There are various ways that the brew can be controlled, as well as the size of the cup the machine is capable of making.

The earliest espresso machines were steam type. The earliest espresso machines were steam types. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic model with an electric pump. When people think of cheap espresso machine machines, they envision these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp your beans yourself however the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a perfect compromise between human control and mechanised reliability.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines use filters to separate the grounds of the coffee as they go through the hot water. The filter is also a crucial element of the temperature control system as it keeps the machine from overheating.

It also improves flavor, as it allows for a longer bloom time. This lets the beans release their flavor and also allows for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter could result in a poor cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, as well as the extraction, remain vital.

This is where the magic happens, and it's what makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, the device that you use to put the grounds of your coffee into when making espresso.

Steam-driven italian espresso machine machines make use of hot water that is heated inside an airtight container to produce steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the grounds of coffee under high pressure. They are less expensive and easier for the owner to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the perfect conditions for brewing as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air compressor to force the hot water through the grounds and are much more portable than steam-driven electric machines.