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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety is among the most frequent mental health issues that affects 40 million adults in the United States. There are a variety of medications available to treat it.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. They're not addictive, unlike benzodiazepines.

SSRIs

The most commonly used anxiety medication is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac). These medications can also be used to treat depression as well as relieve symptoms of other anxiety disorders, such as obsessive compulsive disorder. It can take up to one month before they begin working.

These drugs increase the amount of certain chemical messengers in the brain, including serotonin and norepinephrine. They are usually the first option for anxiety, however doctors also use other types of antidepressants as well as benzodiazepines.

Another class of antidepressants known as serotonin and norepinephrine receptor inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor) are used to treat anxiety. They differ from SSRIs as they reduce norepinephrine, but at a lower rate than SSRIs. These medicines take a long time to take effect and are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine Tofranil are effective in treating anxiety disorders. However, their drowsiness and other adverse effects are what make them less popular. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a different kind of antidepressant that can be used to treat anxiety. Their high risk of toxicity and dietary restrictions make them unsuitable for use.

Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat panic attacks and anxiety in the short term, such as when waiting for SSRIs or SNRIs to begin working. These medications can cause tolerance, sedation and addiction as well as withdrawal reactions that can cause rebound anxiety, depression and even delirium. Common benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax) as well as clonazepam (Klonopin) and lorazepam (Ativan).

Therapy is a vital part of any treatment for anxiety. It assists you to better be aware of your symptoms and causes. Many people find that both therapy and medication can help them manage their anxiety. Certain studies have proven that cognitive behavioral therapy is just as effective as anxiety medications. Talk with your physician about your options and which could be the best choice for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have a calming affect, reduce anxiety and relax muscles that are tense. They also alleviate symptoms of bodily stress related to fear (like heart racing or trembling) and encourage sleep.

The way they work is by binding to inhibitory neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutryic acids or GABA, at receptors in the central nervous system. They increase the effects of GABA by facilitating its inhibitory effect on other neurotransmitters while reducing the number of messages sent to the amygdala, an area of the brain that assesses threats and produces the feeling of fear.

These drugs can be used for short periods of time, such as when you experience a panic attack or when you experience extreme anxiety. They may ease symptoms within 30 to 90 minutes after taking them. Contrary to SSRIs they don't stay in the body for very long. They're fast-acting and usually perform in just a few hours, making them ideal for situations where quick relief is needed (like during a flight or before giving an address in public).

Since they can be addictive, people are usually only prescribed them for a period of up to four weeks at a go. They also lose their effectiveness after a period of time.

One of the reasons the benzodiazepines became so well-known is that they were effective and had minimal side effects when compared with their predecessors like barbiturates or meprobamate. They are safe and have a rapid onset and can be used as anxiolytics in order to reduce anxiety. They can also be employed as sedatives, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxants.

Benzos were blamed for the negative attitudes towards anxiety that were developed in the 1970s and 80s, including the minimization of the disorder, as well as the perception that benzodiazepine therapies result in physical dependence. However, they continue to play a significant role in the alternative treatment for anxiety and panic attacks of anxiety disorders, especially in combination with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos can interact with other medications and trigger unwanted side effects, such as drowsiness, confusion or drowsiness. It's important to let your doctor know about any other prescription, non-prescription, or herbal medication you are contemplating or are taking. Check the British National Formulary A to Z list of interactions with medications natural ways to treat anxiety find out what medications are safe when taken with benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can help ease anxiety and other mental health problems. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved antidepressants to treat other health conditions, such as bipolar disorder, eating disorders and certain types of pain.

SSRIs are typically prescribed as a first-line treatment of anxiety by doctors, but they may not work for all people. If they don't work, doctors may consider a different type of antidepressant known as tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants. These include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine and trimipramine, doxepin and dothiepin or imipramine. They're not as popular as the latest antidepressants, yet they're still accessible. Your doctor may also prescribe the sedating antidepressant trazodone (Desyrel) at lower doses for anxiety or sleep.

Nefazodone, also known as Ferdinand (Cymbalta), and duloxetine may also be beneficial. They're also available in generic forms. If they don't work, your doctor might suggest a sedating antidepressant mirtazapine (Remeron) or the antipsychotics quetiapine or olanzapine.

Treatments for other anxiety disorders include beta blockers that reduce the blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the actions of adrenaline. These drugs aren't usually used for anxiety alone, but can be helpful when used in conjunction with psychotherapy.

Psychological therapy can help you to change negative thoughts and behaviours that can cause anxiety. It can help you learn to manage your anxiety and build coping skills. Based on the severity of your problem, exposure therapy or cognitive behavior therapy could be suggested. Cognitive behavioural therapy assists you to overcome negative thoughts, fears and the fear of situations that cause anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the level of anxiety-inducing situations until you are able to manage them. It can be done either individually or in a small group. In both cases it takes time to show results. A combination of medications and psychological therapy is the best anxiety disorder treatment choice for some people. Some people find that medication alone is enough to manage symptoms. It's important to tell your doctor about the things you're doing to manage your symptoms.

Other Medical Treatments

Although benzodiazepines and antidepressants are the most common treatments for anxiety treatment elderly, other medications can help alleviate your symptoms too. Beta blockers, antihistamines, and buspirone are all prescribed to ease anxiety.

These medications correct an imbalance in your brain chemicals and can alleviate symptoms by reducing or blocking signals that can cause anxiety and stress. They're not a cure-all. You'll have to take steps to control anxiety, such as exercises relaxation techniques, relaxation techniques and psychological therapy.

SSRIs or SNRIs are the first choice of anxiety medication that your doctor might prescribe. These are the most effective medications to treat anxiety disorders, according to research studies. The most common SSRIs include sertraline (Zoloft) and the fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro). These medications may cause mild side effects like insomnia and nausea, however they usually disappear within 4-8 weeks. They aren't addictive, and they do not increase the risk of suicidal ideas.

The benzodiazepines, alprazolam, clonazepam, and diazepoxide, (Valium), provide immediate relief from anxiety and panic attacks. However, they could cause side effects, such as dizziness and drowsiness. They can also trigger problems with coordination and memory, and may even cause dependence. They're a less popular choice over the more traditional barbiturates but they're just as effective.

Antihistamines, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) are designed to help with allergies, but they're also sometimes employed to alleviate anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine block histamine receptors within the brain and may cause an energizing effect. It is not a controlled drug, so it does not have the same addiction risks as benzodiazepines.

Another kind of medication that can help with anxiety is a class called anticonvulsants. They've been proven to reduce anxiety by interfering with the production and release of dopamine and serotonin. They may be prescribed in conjunction with other drugs or as a temporary treatment for anxiety. Your doctor will evaluate your symptoms and health history to determine if these medications are suitable for you. They will also discuss the length of time you should take these medicines and any potential negative side effects that might occur. Anxiety medications are only available on prescription, which means that a psychiatrist will be required to prescribe it.