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One key advantage is that interconnection between different vehicle systems can allow a wide range of safety, economy and convenience features to be implemented using software alone - functionality which would add cost and complexity if such features were hard wired using traditional automotive electrics. The HDMI standard has a number of key features that are summarised in the table below. RDM allows for diagnostic feedback from fixtures to the controller by extending the DMX512 standard to encompass bidirectional communication between the lighting controller and lighting fixtures. The first CAN controller chips were introduced by Intel in 1987, and shortly thereafter by Philips. The first commercially marketed wireless DMX512 system was based on frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology using commercial wireless modems. MS-DOS networking system over AppleTalk system enabled MS-DOS PCs to communicate over AppleTalk network hardware; it comprised an AppleTalk interface card for the PC and a suite of networking software allowing such functions as file, drive and printer sharing.

Additionally, the entire networking stack required only about 6 kB of RAM, allowing it to run on any Mac. NowTV also offers on-demand content, allowing you to watch shows or movies at your own pace without being tied to specific broadcasting schedules. It is important for users to check whether their devices have automatic or switched termination, as otherwise they may end up with the DMX line being terminated multiple times or not at all when they believed it to be correct. The U.S. lost its global leadership in terms of installed bandwidth in 2011, being replaced by China, which hosts more than twice as much national bandwidth potential in 2014 (29% versus 13% of the global total). Continuously resynchronizing reduces errors induced by noise, and allows a receiving node that was synchronized to a node that lost arbitration to resynchronize to the node which won arbitration. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. DMX512-A uses a single pair of conductors, so can be connected using the cheaper 3-pin XLR connectors. An Ethernet-based protocol can distribute multiple DMX universes through a single cable from a control location to breakout boxes closer to fixtures.

Unexpected fixture behavior is caused by addressing errors, cable faults, incorrect data from the controller, or multiple DMX sources inadvertently applied to a single chain of fixtures. The DMX512 signal lines require a single 120 Ω termination resistor to be fitted at the extreme end of the signal cable. By joining NCTC the Tennis Channel was forced to give its signal to Cablevision. However, on most Pentium and above motherboards, setting the parallel port to SPP mode won't give you a true SPP port because of the slight changes in the electronical layout of the parallel port. However, SIPs have rarely been implemented. One feature of SIPs is they allow checksums to be sent for DMX Null data. The CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. Auto start/stop: Various sensor inputs from around the vehicle (speed sensors, steering angle, air conditioning on/off, engine temperature) are collated via the CAN bus to determine whether the engine can be shut down when stationary for improved fuel economy and emissions. Usually the biggest processor is the engine control unit. Parking assist systems: when the driver engages reverse gear, the transmission control unit can send a signal via the CAN bus to activate both the parking sensor system and the door control module for the passenger side door mirror to tilt downward to show the position of the curb.

Others are used for autonomous driving, advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), transmission, airbags, antilock braking/ABS, cruise control, electric power steering, audio systems, power windows, doors, mirror adjustment, battery and recharging systems for hybrid/electric cars, etc. Some of these form independent subsystems, but communication among others is essential. The initial concept was known as AppleBus, envisioning a system controlled by the host Macintosh polling "dumb" devices in a fashion similar to the modern Universal Serial Bus. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices. Control wires do not require the same sheathing and often have regular PVC insulation. A subsystem may need to control actuators or receive feedback from sensors. The modern automobile may have as many as 70 electronic control units (ECUs) for various subsystems. Some manufacturers made units with three-pin XLR connectors, because of their lower cost. Originally developed to reduce the complexity and cost of electrical wiring in automobiles through multiplexing, the CAN bus protocol has since been adopted in various other contexts.

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