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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor and are often used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of global production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavors. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee bean company can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energy-rich after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are in a position to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops concentrate on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make unique specialty coffees that are suitable for many different methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the taste, aroma and body of the coffee. It is often used to create a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean grown in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean to cup coffee beans than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica, and can thrive in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more strong coffee beans per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make Strong Coffee beans blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's possible there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority of roasters use combine both varieties to lower cost and maintain the quality. To maintain the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to select a high-quality bean from a source you are confident with. The best way to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which makes them different from other coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are often added to other coffee beans to give an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from a number of sources, but it is preferred to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality coffee beans of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a separate species, but has now been classified as a Liberica variant. These highest rated coffee beans beans are ovals that grow on large 20-30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both tart and fruity that has made them a popular choice for blends in house. They have a less pronounced scent and a lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta however they have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually regarded as distinct species of coffee up until 2006, when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped as teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're typically used in blends to add body and a luscious tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are renowned for their a sweeter taste. They grow best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored coffee in the world, and is responsible for around 40% of the coffee consumed worldwide. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy, woody flavor.

After learning about the four most popular varieties and their characteristics, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you're looking for a silky mild flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.