• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

• 페이스북 공유
• 트위터 공유
• 

Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

Many adults with ADHD also suffer from comorbid disorders like major depressive disorder (Kessler and colleagues, 2006). Many patients are not responsive to medications for depression and may benefit from psychotherapy.

Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are frequently prescribed.

Medicines

Adults can use many medications that are used for ADHD in children. However the dosages are different and the drugs can cause side effects that are not common in children. A doctor will consider the individual's medical history, family history and other health conditions to determine which medicine is the best for him or her.

The most well-known ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by altering the levels of norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. The stimulants like methylphenidate (also known as Adderall) and dextroamphetamine enhance the supply of neurotransmitters, which help improve concentration, decrease impulsivity, and reduce aggression. These stimulants are available in a variety of forms, such as skin patches, liquids, and chewable tablets. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are more effective because they lead to greater patient compliance and a longer lasting and smoother improvement in symptoms.

It is important to keep in mind that comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression may affect the response to ADHD medication. Therefore, it is recommended that psychiatric disorders be treated first, with medication used as secondary measure. The medications that can be used for comorbid mood disorders are atomoxetine (Bupropion), tricyclic antidepressants and bupropion (Wilens 2004).).

Certain patients might experience some patients may experience a "rebound effect" where their ADHD symptoms worsen after discontinuing stimulant medication. In these cases a short trial of a low dose of stimulant medication could be beneficial.

Some people are unable to take stimulant medications or use it due to the misuse of drugs or other health issues such as severe hypertension or heart issues. In these cases, nonstimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These drugs do not have the same amount of side effects as stimulants and have less risk of abuse and diversion.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be helpful for those suffering from ADHD. It can help those with adhd in adults characterization diagnosis and treatment to improve their lives, deal with anxiety and stress, resolve conflicts, or cope with problems at work or in relationships. It can also assist those suffering from mental illness that are co-existing like depression and addiction disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy, as well as schema therapy. These therapies are based on the notion that thoughts and beliefs can influence how a person behaves, thinks and feels. CBT assists a person to recognize negative behaviors and thinking patterns, then develops and implements positive strategies to alter these patterns. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy employs techniques of meditation to help a person learn to focus on their thoughts and emotions, control impulses, and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy and other types of psychotherapy focusing on a person's history with their family may be useful for people with ADHD who have significant secondary problems.

In addition to medicines, psychotherapy can help address the particular issues caused by ADHD problems, like having trouble staying on track with schoolwork, resolving conflicts and being able to get along with others, ignoring important dates or responsibilities and making impulsive choices that can lead to legal or financial issues. It can also assist people to identify and overcome issues that may cause ADHD symptoms, such as depression or anxiety.

Psychotherapy can help a person develop healthy coping strategies and reduce stress through exercising, improving sleep and healthy eating habits. It can also provide support to the family member or spouse who is struggling with the negative effects ADHD affects their relationship. Family therapy and marriage counseling can help families and couples learn to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT is a kind of psychotherapy which focuses on helping clients overcome their negative patterns of thinking. It utilizes skill-based dialogue with a skilled mental health professional (a therapist) to address the root causes of their symptoms. The aim of this treatment is to correct limitations and implement strategies for coping that align with the client's daily life.

Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT show clients how to identify unhelpful thought patterns and help them build the skills to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can be lengthy. But it is an effective alternative for adults who do not receive enough relief from medication.

In a recent RCT, it was found that cognitive behavioral therapy combined with medication is superior over cognitive behavior therapy by itself in terms of improving core symptoms, emotional symptom, self-esteem, and social performance in adults suffering from ADHD (Clarke, et al. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially beneficial for those suffering from more severe underlying problems.

Therapists who provide this type of treatment work with their clients to devise an action plan to address their specific issues. They teach them a set of practical skills that are simple to master and have a high chance of success. Charts are often used to monitor progress, and reward positive behaviors. This could include the daily report of children that lists the tasks they must complete at school, or the positive behaviors that need to be displayed, as well as a system of recording and earning rewards. Therapists may also discuss the possibility that negative consequences could be inflicted upon a child who isn't able to finish their work. This can be done in a very sensitive and supportive manner.

Metacognitive Therapy

A newer type of therapy, metacognitive therapy assists individuals in changing how they think. This type of therapy can be beneficial to those who suffer from a variety mental health problems, such as depression. It is a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy which assists people in recognizing negative thoughts and their effects on their emotions. This kind of therapy can also assist in the acquisition of psychological tools that are able and beneficial.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive abilities and daily functioning in adults with ADHD. To this end, we evaluated self- and informant-rated deficits in daily functioning with the indicators of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge as well as regulation of cognition, debugging, information management and evaluation). The results showed that complete knowledge was associated with daily functioning in adults with ADHD but not with regulation processes. The predictors of metacognition had moderate predictive power which suggests that they could explain a significant amount of variations in the daily functioning of people with ADHD.

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a form of psychotherapy which focuses on changing dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs that perpetuate states of anxiety or rumination as well as attention fixation. MCT was created by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been proven to be effective in treating anxiety disorder. However, it's still a relatively new treatment and more research is required to determine if it could aid in other disorders.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of MCT in decreasing symptoms of anxiety disorder, however it can be applied to a range of disorders, and may be more effective than other treatments. This isn't a cure, but it could be utilized to treat ADHD.

Family Therapy

In family therapy the Therapist works with the entire family. Everyone is able to better understand the client's needs and learn how they can help their loved family members. It also helps them deal with their anger and develop more effective communication skills. In addition, this type of counseling is useful in addressing comorbid conditions such as depression or substance misuse which are often associated with ADHD.

The therapist will start with an intake session to better understand the family's views and determine if they're appropriate for family intervention. This can be done either in person or online. The therapist will explain to each person the purpose of therapy and the rules and regulations for family therapy.

A therapist with experience treating adults suffering from ADHD will ask a variety of questions to gain an understanding of the client's current symptoms, their history and their impact on their work life and family life as well as relationships. They will also ask whether there are any other mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured form of counseling which teaches you to change your negative patterns of thinking and to manage your behavior. It focuses on boosting self-esteem and self-control by educating you on How To Treat Anxiety And Adhd to handle stress and anger. It is a treatment for adhd in adults uk option for short-term use that can be combined with other forms of psychotherapy.

Individual therapy can help people suffering from ADHD overcome emotional trauma from a long-running pattern of underachievement and failure academic issues, frequent job changes and conflicts in relationships. It can help you learn ways to treat adhd to reduce stress and cope as well as how to better manage your financial and time management. It can also address comorbid disorders such as mood and anxiety disorders that are commonly associated with ADHD.